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Wessex Gospels c.1175

Anglo-Saxon

 

   

19:1Ænd þa se hælend ge-ændede þas spræche he ferde fram galilëë & com on iudeissce ændes begeonden iordane.
19:2& him felgyde michele manega. & he hy ge-hælde þær.
19:3Ða genehlacten hym to farisei hine costniende. & cwæðen. is alyfd anigen men his wif to for-latenn. for anigen þingen.
19:4Ða andswerede he heom. ne ræde ge se þe on fruman worhte. he worhte wepman ænd wimman.
19:5& cwæð. For-þam se man for-læt fader & moder & hine to hys wife ge-þeot. & beoð tweigen on anen flæsce.
19:6Witodlice ne synd hyo twegen ac an flæsc. Ne ge-twæme nam (sic) man þa þe godd ge-samnode.
19:7Ða cwæðen hyo. hwi het moyses syllan hiw-gedales boc & hio forlæten.
19:8Ða cwæð he moyses for eower heorte heardnysse lyfde eow eower wif to forlæten. Soðlice næs hit on fremde Note: read frimðe. swa.
19:9Soðlice ic segge eow swa hwa swa for-læt hys wif buton forleigre & oðer fettað se unriht-hameð. & se þe for-læte after hym nymð. se unriht-hæmeð.
19:10Þa cwæðen hys leorningcnihtes. Gif hit swa ys. þam men mid hys wife. ne fremeð Note: MS. fremed. nane men to wifienne.
19:11Þa cwæð he. ne under-foð ealle men þis word. ac þam þe hyt ge-seald ys.
19:12soðlice synd be-listnode þe of heore moder innoðe cumað. & eft synd be-listnode þe hye sylfe belistnodon for heofonum rice. under-nime se þe under-nymen mæg.
19:13Þa wæren hym ge-brohte litlinges to. þt he hys hand on hyo asette. & hyo gebletsede. Ða þreatode hys leorning-cnihtes hyo.
19:14Ða cwæð se hælend. læteð þa litlingas. & nelle ge hyo for-beodan cuman to me. swilcre ys heofena rice.
19:15& þa he heom hys hand on asette. þa ferde he þanon.
19:16& þa ge-nehlahte hym an man to. & cwæð. Lä gode lareow hwæt godes do ich þæt ich eche lyf hæbbe.
19:17Ða cwæð he. Hwæt axost þu me be gode. An god is god. soðlice gyf þu wylt on lyf becuman heald þa bebode.
19:18Þa cwæð he hwilce. Þa cwæð se hælend. ne do þu man-slyht. ne do þu unriht-hameð. ne stell þu. ne sæge þu lease gewytnesse.
19:19wurðe þinne fæder & þine moder. & lufe þine nextan swa þe selfne.
19:20Ða cwæð se geonga. Eall þis ich ge-heold. hwæt ys me gyt wana.
19:21Þa cwæð se hælend. Gyf þu wylt beon fulfremed ga & be-chep al þæt þu hafst & syle hyt þearfen. & þonne hæfst þu goldhord on heofene. & cum & folge me.
19:22Þa se gonge man gehyrde hys word. þa geode he unrot aweig. Soðlice he hæfde mycele ehte.
19:23Witodlice se hælend cwæð to hys leorning-cnihten. Soðlice ich eow segge þæt ærfedlice se wælige gæð on godes riche.
19:24& æft ich eow segge þæt æþelicor beoð þam olfende to ganne þurh nædle eage. þanne se welega on heofene riche gä.
19:25Ða hys leorning-cnihtes þis ge-hyrdon. hyo wundreden & cwæðen. hwa mæg þys ge-healden.
19:26Ða quoth. se hælend un-æðelic þæt ys mid mannen. ac ealle þing synde mid gode æðelice.
19:27Þa answerede petrus & cwæð. Nu we for-leten ealle þing & felgden þe. hwæt beoð us to mede.
19:28Ða cwæð se hælend. Soð ich eow segge þæt ge þe me felgedon on æchnunge. þanne mannes sune syt on hys magen-þrimme. þæt ge sitteð ofer twelf settl. demende twelf mægðe israel.
19:29& ælc þe for-læt for minen namen hys hus oððe hys ge-broðre. oððe hys ge-swustre oððe fæder oððe moder. oððe wif oððe bearn. oððe land. be hundfealden he on-fehð lean & hafð eche lyf.
19:30Soðlice manega fyrmeste beoð ytemeste. & ytemeste fyrmesta.
Wessex Gospels c.1175

Wessex Gospels c.1175

The Wessex Gospels (also known as the West-Saxon Gospels) are a full translation of the four gospels of the Christian Bible into a West Saxon dialect of Old English. Designated Royal MS 1 A XIV, it is historically important.

  • The Wessex Gospels are the oldest translations into English without the Latin.
  • The gospels are written in the Old English West Anglo-Saxon dialect of Northumbria.
  • Royal MS 1 A XIV is written on parchment and is also known as the Codex Evangeliorum Anglice.
  • The title written at the top of the page, ‘Text[us] iv evangelior[um] anglice’, is reproduced in the 14th-century catalogue of the Benedictine Christ Church library, but at the Reformation this book was one of many acquired from religious houses by Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury from 1532 to 1534, whose name is written at the top of the page.
  • Seven extant copies exist today. The earliest version dates from 990AD.
  • Royal MS 1 A XIV was copied directly from MS 441 in the Bodleian library at Oxford. We know this as the same passages have been omitted from both. It has a transmission jump of 185 years.
  • MS 441 (990AD) is extant and still resides in the Bodleian Library at Oxford University, England. It was given to the library by Baron Hatton in 1671. Paleographical evidence suggests a Canterbury origin. The earliest extant evidence of ownership is through Archbishop Matthew Parker (1504-75).
  • MS Corp. Ch Coll Camb 140 (1000AD) is in Corpus Christi College Cambridge.
  • Royal MS 1 A XIV (1175AD) is in the British Library and was presented to the British Museum by King George II in 1757 from the Old Royal Library.
  • Royal MS 1 A XIV once belonged to the Prince of Wales: Henry Frederick, (1594-1612), eldest child of King James the First.

Why is this important?

  • Desiderius Erasmus had access to these MSS before starting his translation of the Textus Receptus. In the five years prior to starting his translation work Erasmus was Professor of Divinity at Cambridge at a time when the university's benefactors owned these manuscripts.
  • The King James Bible translators had access to these manuscripts. All the six KJV translation companies where housed at Oxford, Cambridge and Westminster and all had access to the Wessex Gospels.
  • The codex contains the long ending in Mark chapter 16.
  • The codex contains the Pericope Adulterae (John 7:53-8:11)